Back siphonage prevention, antibackflow, and vacuum breaking valve



Dec. 20, 1949 F. CARLTON ET AL BACK SIPHONAGE PREVENTION, ANTIBA CKFLOW,

AND VACUUM BREAKING VALVE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 22, 1943 INVENTOR.

Dec. 20, 1949 F. CARLTON E1 AL 0 BACK SIPHONAGE PREVENTION, ANTIBACKFLOW,

AND VKCUUM BREAKING VALVE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 22, 1943 Patented Dec. 20, 1949 BAGKiSIPHQNAGEQREVENTION, AN TIBACK- FLOW; ANIIVACUUM BREAKING VALVE Frankzfiarltnn, Les An 3 158;: and-peonardzLa Snyder, .Montebello, Calif.

A pplicatio'nlljine 22,; 1943, Serial No. 491,842 srfllaimsa. (01. 137-144) This-invention-reiatesto aback si-phonage-prevention-y anti-backfiowr and vacuumbreakingvalve.

Iii-connection with=liquid*flow--systems such; for examp1e,-- as those in -which=water-is delivered from a water main through-aconnectingservice lineto thedom-estie linesofa building;=-or-in-cases where wateris delivered-in the same 'manner toequipment m an industrial plant 'or to any pri vateor-- domestic pipin-g-;-system-; or fixtures or equipment therefrom occasionssometimes-arise when --the water-pressure -in -the-service iine and the water--pressure--in the domestim piping sys tem become unbalanced; so that a'majorpressure occurs" in the domestic pipingsystem: Undersuchmonditions arbac-kflow action'w-ill be createdy causing thiswater; -now-- considered-used as weli as polluted, contaminatemor containingdeleteriousmateriak to flowreversely I through the-domestic piping system? the serviceline,-and==in't0= 20 the I water-manne and thus contaminatethe pure water supply? Heretoforey' various structures have-beemprod-uced in an attempt'topreventthe back-flow or-"baclei-siphonage of water -from the-- domestic lines to 'the service line orwater'malnp 25.

o1-=to=interrupt--or-prevent baok=siphonage -fromwatee-served fixtures; devices; (IQIXtQfiHBISf receptacles or equipment into the domestic piping system,- or to interrupt-and make impossible back:

flow-communicationbetweendual interconnected 394 supply systems at points ofcross-connection Where said systemscontain waterfrom different sources; or-where one supply system; often called the secondary, is not under proper-sanitarysuper- Vision. Various structures,- because-or leaking 35v barriers, have failed to operate and' have allowed backfiow -to occur at orthrough thestructure ordevice without detection. This might be broughtabout by the failure of valves-to seat 0r--by--the fact that certain parts might become damaged orbarrier walls ruptured within the valve structure itself.

It is the principal object of the-presentinven tion, therefore,- to provide automatic means which will act to prevent, with absolute certainty,--'baekflow =or back-siphonage of waterfrom the domes tic lines tothe-service =linesor between=waterserved fixtures, devices, containersyreceptac-les or equipment, andthe I domestic 1 pipingsystem;- or

- siphonage which incorporates barrier means so positioned as to give a visional indication of failare or rupture onsthe .outside oi the device,

The p esent inventmn. cont mp s a vpositive means to prevent backflowol'. hacksiphonagetm device includingthe following new A and novel ele' ments, acting in combination, and arranged in a flow system from the service line to the domestic p1p1ng:

1. A vacuum breaker,

2: A 'poppet-typecheck-valve.

3'. A main-valve of the difierentia-l regulator 4; A barrier check valve; whose operation"- is more -fu11y-described later,

6:A'checl: valve 'which-may'be a swing-type; or any other desired -type-of-valve-.--

The functionand mode of "operation'of *ea-ch of theseparts, bothindependently and'in'cornbination, wilibe'more fully described -in th'e foi-- lowing specificationr The invent-ionds'illustrated by'way of; example in--theaccompanying drawingsin which:

Figure 1 "isa view-in centralverticar section' show ing-the-complete -va'lve structure with-its parts in' the relationship they assume under norma1- flow-conditions;

Figz-Z is a view-similar-to 1 shovvingthe structure ;withthe variousvalveelementsdn the position-"they assume when a condition of back flow or back siphonage exists.

The foliotwing -preliminary discussion is -made' in order toexplain more'ciearly the operation ofthis invention' ina general way. Interpretation-- cf-various terms and-operating conditions are are-- bitrarily defined as follows;

A:- Service -Z2'ne.--Pipin-gconnecting the --wate 1' mainand'theintake "of; the back-flow prevent-ionr device:

B?" Domestic line-All piping attaohedfto and beyond-the discharge side of the backflow-pre= vention device."

0." Ba'ckflow conditions-A backfiow' condition exists When'the ratio of the domestic pressure -tobetween interconnecting-supply systems of differ-- theservicepressure-exceeds a-- predetermined- 3 amount. It is understood that circumstances may dictate that this ratio may be changed, and may be expressed as follows:

indicates that the backflow condition is considered to exist when the domestic pressure is below the service line pressure.

The ratio indicates that the backfiow condition is considered to exist when the domestic pressure and the service line pressure are equal.

The ratio of indicates that the backfiow condition is considered to exist when the domestic pressure is above the service line pressure.

It will be evident that the ratio of insures a greater factor of safety in the operation of the present invention, and this disclosure has here been made by way of example only.

There are two general cases where a backfiow condition exists. The first case is where the system is under pressure and the ratio of the domestic pressure to the service line pressure equals or exceeds the ratio as defined above.

The first case is the more common and will be considered first. For protection against backflow in this case the invention includes a new safety feature in the form of a main pressure differential regulator valve. This main valve is responsive to domestic line pressure on one side and to opposing service line pressure on the opposite side. However, the effective area exposed to domestic pressure is larger than the area exposed to service pressure, with the result that this main valve automatically closes and shuts off normal flow when the pressure in the domestic piping rises to a predetermined amount below the service pressure. In other words, this main valve automatically maintains, during normal flow or shutoif condition, a predetermined differential in pressure between the service and the domestic line, the lower pressure always being on the domestic side.

On the discharge side of the main valve is a difierential relief valve, which operates under a backflow condition to discharge Water and to relieve the pressure in a section of passageway within the device. This relief valve is responsive to service line pressure on one side and to an opposing combination of domestic and passageway pressures on the opposite side. Under nor: mal flow, or when normal flow ceases, this relief valve remains in the closed position. However, the efiective areas of the relief valve structure exposed to the opposing pressures are so proportioned that if the service pressure falls, or the domestic pressure rises, until a backflow condition is approached, the relief valve opens sufflciently to reduce the pressure in the above mentioned passageway. If the domestic pressure continues to rise, the passageway pressure continues to fall, and will finally reach zero when the domestic pressure is a predetermined amount above the service line pressure. The pressure in this passageway'is always less than the service line pressure. Since any water backflowing from the domestic line must pass through this passageway,

it is obvious that this backflow cannot possibly return into the service line, since it is impossible for a fluid to flow from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure.

A. check valve; previously mentioned as part six, is placed on the domestic side of the backflow prevention device. It may be placed in the domestic piping adjacent to the device, or it may be incorporated in the device itself. Under a backfiow condition, this check prevents the drainage of water from the domestic system through the relief valve port, and also makes it possible to reduce the pressure in the above mentioned .passageway to atmospheric, whenever the domestic pressure exceeds the service line pressure by a predetermined amount.

The second case will now be considered, which occurs when the pressure in the service line is atmospheric, or when a vacuum condition exists. Occasionally, due to breaks in the water main or to exceptionally heavy demands, as, for example, might occur when fire pumps are used, a partial vacuum develops in the water main and in the service line leading to the domestic piping system. It has long been recognized that a vacuum always increases the difficulties of back-siphonage or backflow control or prevention. In some devices when water is flowing reversely past leaking checks or other movable barriers, (see Miller Patent No. 1,105,991) an attempt is made to discharge this reverse how to atmosphere through a discharge port. A vacuum condition, however, occurring at the same time can draw air in through thissame discharge port and prevent free escape of the reversely flowing water, and consequently, water is frequently drawn back into the service pipe and water main either in the form of spray or as a liquid. The backfiow pre vention device, therefore, includes a primary vacuum breaker located on the service line side. This vacuum breaker supplies air to the service pipe at a point adjacent to the backflow device and in order to reduce the vacuum as much as possible, itis constructed with an air intake equal to or greater than the area of the service pipe. It is recognized that the inherent weakness of all vacuum breakers iies in their tendency to freeze or stick when held in a closed position for long periods of time. In many instances the common type of vacuum breaker will fail to operate due to the fact that the area exposed to atmospheric pressure is approximately equal to the seat area, and hence sufficient force is not available to cause the vacuum breaker to open especially under low vacuums. The primary vacuum breaker in this invention is designed so that a large surface area is exposed to atmospheric pressure, thereby making certain that even under low vacuums, sufficient force will be available to open the vacuum breaker and admit air to the service line.

' memos.

. the, vacmmrin the service line,-,and in conjunction I withgleaking cheeks this vacuum, may extendon msreatly -reduced; cale, to. -.the :int..erior on the dc vice;;itself. Tomvercome this. difiiculty,jthe1;presentinvention is so; constructed that whenever the pressing 'in, the,-:service-. line approaches.- zero, or whennaapar-tial vacuum is created: therein,; or whenever;- abaekfiowacondition; exists, a barrier; checkds-meved-into. position; creating within said. device. an. air; chamber 'whichiis. connected ;to the atmosphere andconsequently, is under -atmos.-- Pherictpressure. The barriercheck moves in. uni-x son-lwith thelpreviously; mentioned differential refief. valve {and the, air chamber thus formed is enti ielx=;, independent: of the passageway that vented ltQlatmosphere thr.ough;the openings .ofthe. reliefeyalve port. This, then, gives a novel -resultt idthelfirsttharrier checkdn the domestic line is leaking the :water 1 is collected inthe passageway and discharged to..atmosphere. If, at the-same time. lthe-partiali vacuum in the service -v pipe extendsglthrough leaking checks -to theinterior of the .stz;ucture,. the: air.chambernformed by;- the movemehtotthebarrier check, being connected togthe atmosphereycan supply air to this residual vacuum and reduceit toesuch an extent that. it cannot. .draw -water ,into; the 7 service pipe. Thus, we see that reverse fiow leakage past; thecheck inlthe domesticr piping; can, be freely discharged through a port that does .not; supply'air to break al,vacnum., Atthesametime, air can besupplied throughaa-separate port to break a -residua1,.VaQ-* uum,,,.thereby preventing commingling of incom ing airqandhpolluted water that. isbeing discharged;,

The pcnpettype check valve is located between the primary. vacuum breaker andthe, m-ainflifierentialdregulator valve. It has two functions: (1). ,Itmrevents .water, in the intake, chamber of the backfiow. preventiondevice from draining backtintogtheservice line when avacuumcon diti'qn exists; ,(2),v it prevents or at least reduces the residualzvacuum. thathmight otherwise. extend a 1 to themain valve. v

Theiioregoing; example :covers a commonwcase where waterl -.is, deliveredrfrom a main-to ra con-t sumelir butit is to be understoodthat; a similan condition might-arise within the consumer's domestic piping itse1f,. whereby,- water, fromcia, pollu ed section, fixture, device: container; re ceptacle, orcequipmentgmight, flowreversely and thereby polluteanother sectionwhere pure water, supply; is tolbe maintained. Referring more particularly to the,drawings,z ltilindicates amain valve housing, formed atone side with -a. cylindrical-V induction connection l l andaatn the diametrically Opposite side i with: ta; cylindrical; eduction. connection: I2 The -in, duction connection *ll houses-a structure: gene erally indicated at A, and designated as: a primer-y. vaenunigbreaker assembly. The eduction con mention I 2 is provided to house. a'finallcheckvalve designated at 13.;- Within the uppergendof the housing; H1 list-a main differential valve structure. generally indicateduat. C and beneath ,-which:; an

air; intake valve structure is. disposed, generallmindicatedgat v1D, Aybarriercheckvalve is dis;-

within ithe; housing and indicated at;E; 'atwelief valve 1' is associated l therewith indicated:

enerally atEFv The. rinductionT vhousing l- I l is, formed with an:

enlarsedt-boltinafi nee I 3 at. its outertendagainst;

betweerritheecontieuqusamarainalz f aeesseofiztthe' bolting-mange lhandethe cape Hi ls: :.-vacuum-. breaken-diaphragmslt, theapurnosetonwhich will bezhereinafsten described.;:. Thesdiaphragm lesis mounted-mound a.ttubularecvlindricalt extension: l'lflofsa cMlindriea-Lvacuum-mreaken val,ve1.-l8.;:, A pad ;.;I 6" oh soitlpornusrmaterials suchk:-as:felt;,is.- placed between diaphragm-l 6--:.and.- boltingrflange I 3,=thelleb apl eventing adhesionrofithe diaphragm:

toi the, surface-J 3!; andgati the same timerpermits air; ,to,icontactltheoutsidesurfacewhen a vacuumoccursaimztheiserv-icealinei The-vacuum-.=breaken valveiextendsl inwardlyand has a sealin :face 1| 9 bearing against-the face ofla-valve'ring 20.: The: valve ring m iscmounted in an annularqcage-flr secured aby -cap-qscrews 22 within the cylindrical induction .zextension loitthe main valve :housing; [0.. The. portion; of l the induction; memberll occurring between; the; main valve housingi andt I 1 the boltin efian e- I3 is formedwith:.aplurality oLvent ports 23, .which' establish communicatiom betweentheatmosphere and iamannular. chamben. 24 ,.ci1tcumscribing. thevalve la... The cap ills. provided .withankannulan web zsvhaving acentralo- 1 bore 2 6 Jthrough which .the extension; J l ,of the,

watermain is-delivered throughthe serviceplpe- 33-into the-induction side It 'offthe main valve housing 10." The Y'fluid' pressure exertedagainst the diaphragm= 16 by' the liquid accumulated;

within-the chamber-29 tends normally to flex the diaphragm-landhold the end'd-fa'ce-of the vacuumbreaker valve IB'against the presented'faceof the vaive ring 202' The vacuum breaker valve IBisformed'With-acentral web -35 having L a central bore -3 G therethrou-g-hzl A valve stem 31 reciprocates-through thishore. Its inner-end carries a-tappettype of 'valve-filavhich mav seat against 'a valve seat 39 ias= drawn by-an==ex=pansion spring 40.

interposedbetween the web 35 and a nut M on the outer end-of the valve stem. It'will be seen that wthe -=valve 38may-move"in unison with the vacuum loreaker-- valve 1 8;- and' -that it may also a move independently'of the vacuum breakervalvel a when theyalve l 8 is seatedf The centralibore of the valve cage 21 communicates- ..withia chamber'fl formed within the-main valve housing I02 The -chamber -is defined between the outerswall 43 of the-housing-lfland" anawannulanvwa-ll: 44'- within the housing and establishes":communication between t the bore-- ofvalve cageait andvthe passageway through main valve-e02: Tlieiaumsierendof the wall 43 carries a boltingfi'angeafi upon-which aadiaphragm spacer ringAB :lsdisposed; Mounted above-theuspacer" ring ;is; auto coverxplate 41:4 The top coverand the spacial-tiring are securedto thebolting flange libyzcapscrewssw. Interposed between-the face ofitheabolting :fia-nge 45 and the lowen face of the" rings lfiv'issazdiaphragm 49.; Interposed between theiuppen-faceeof the-ring dfi-"and the cover plate 41; isira diaphragm-1150a; The diaphragms 49- "and whichza cap fl-ris -secured bmgboltsgfi. lDisposcdr'lfl'Maarmthus spaeedriromweach othere: Attention The spring 40 is-disposedaround'thevalve stem-and is directed to the'fact that the inner circumference of the ring 46 is formed with an upper portion of relatively large diameter as compared with the lower portion 52. An inside spacing member 53 is disposed between the central portions of the diaphragms 49 and 50 and has an upper portion of relatively large diameter, as indicated at 54, and a lower portion of small diameter, as indicated at 55. These diameters are considerably less than the circumscribin diameters-of the spacing ring 46 and make it possible forthe diaphragms 49 and 50 to be each formed with an annular corrugation which will tend to maintain a constant effective diaphragm area as the inside spacer 53 moves the main valve C to and from closed position. On the underside of spacer 53 is mounted a main valve disc 59. It is carried by disc retainer 59', which also clamps diaphragm 49 firmly to the underside of spacer 53. Valve disc 59 is clamped to the disc retainer by main valve guide 58, which is held by cap screw 5'! threaded into spacer 53. Guide 58 reciprocates in bore and guides disc 59 into proper alignment as it bears against seat 60 in closed position. Valve seat 60 is carried by plate 62, which has a downwardly extending threaded portion 63 engaging the threaded bore formed by the inner housing wall 44. Diaphragm 50 is firmly clamped to the upper side of spacer 53 by washer 65 and a nut 56, which is threaded onto a hub that extends upwardly from spacer 53. As the main valve moves to and from closed position, nut 55 is guided in bore 56, thereby in-v suring alignment of spacer 53. The main differential valve disc 59 is urged away from its seat by fluid pressure acting against the diaphragm 49, and at the same time is urged toward its seat by the combined action of fluid pressure against diaphragm 50, and the force of spring 64, which bears against Washer 95. Vent openings 56 occur between the diaphragms 49' and 50, and thus any fluid which might leak through a faulty diaphragm will drain out through these openings and will indicate the leakage. V

Mounted within the cylindrical portion 44 of the valve housing is a valve seat sleeve 61 provided with a fiange Stat its lower end and having a central bore 69. An upwardly presented valve seat in is formed at the upper end of the sleeve aspart of the barrier check valve E. A lower valve seat H is formed at the lower-end of the sleeve 8? and is downwardly presented to form part of the differential relief valve structure F.

A packin ring 5'2 is interposed between a shoulder reaches its extreme upward position. The disc 79 is urged toward its seat by the action of spring 80. The air intake valve is of the poppet type and is formed with an enlarged head portion I8 which engages with arms 79 that extend from the underside of plate 52. These arms limit the downward movement of the air intake valve, and therefore opens the valve before tube I4 reaches its, extreme downward position. Disc I6 is lamped in place with valve guide 83, which also r and a diaphragm H2.

8- insures proper alignment between seat Hand disc I6 in closed position.

Carried at the upper end of the tube I4 is the barrier check valve E. This comprises a valve ring 8i which is clamped tightly between clamping nut 82 and shoulder 82' on tube 74. As tube E4 moves to its extreme upward position, water may flow freely from chamber SI past seat 10' cation between chamber EI' and passageway 88.

The barrier check valve is urged toward its seat by spring 84. Also mounted on tube I4 at a point below valve seat H is a different relief valve generally designated by the letter F. It is comprised of a valve ring 85 tightly clamped between a shoulder on tube 14 and a retainer 86 and locked in place by a nut 81. As tube 14 moves upwardly, valve ring 85 comes into contact with seat-1|, preventing further upward travel of tube I4, and at the same time makes a seal preventing the escape of water from passageway 88 past seat II; As tube 14 moves to its extreme downward position, valve ring 85 is removed from seat II a sufficient amount to allow water to escape freely from passageway 88 into chamber 91. Radial guide fins 89 and 9?; are formed on the outer face of tube E4 to guide the tube centrally as it moves up and down through sleeve 61, and between which fins water may pass.

Extending downwardly beneath the bolting" flange 63 of the valve sleeve 61 is a differential relief valve housing 9I. This housing has an upper flange 92 secured to the main housing l0 by cap screws 93. A lower bolting flange 94 is formed at the lower end of this section to carry a diaphragm housing assembly which will be hereinafter described. Intermediate the bolting flanges 92 and 94 is a cylindrical wall 95 having a fluid relief opening 95 formed through it. A chamber 97 thus occurs within the cylindrical housing portion 95. This chamber is in communication with the atmosphere at all times.

The lower end of the chamber 9'! is closed by a diaphragm 98 which is secured by spacers 99 and I00 upon the air intake tube I4. Disposed beneath the member I00 is a diaphragm I 0| which is spaced from the diaphragm 98 at its outer edge by a spacing ring I02. Thus, a cham; ber I03 occurs between the diaphragms 9B and IN. Disposed beneath the diaphragm llll and spaced therefrom is a diaphragm I04. Themarginal edge of the diaphragms I94 and I04 are spaced from each other by a ring I05. The central portions of the diaphragms IM and I04 are held in spaced relation to each other byan inside spacer I05. The ring I05 is formed with an upper central bore I01 and a lower central bore I08. The upper bore is of smaller diameter than the lower bore and thus insures that the pressure area of diaphragm I M will be smaller than that of diaphragm I04. The space between the diaphragms IBI and I 94 communicates with the atmosphere through ducts I09.

Disposed beneath the diaphragm I04 and atthe outer margin thereof is a spacing ring IIIS,

This is interposed between the diaphragm I04 with relation to the flange 94 of the housing sec-l The air intake tube 14' tion9I by bolts H5.

The diaphragm H2 is secured at its marginal edge by a bolting flange- 9 extends downwardly through all of these diaphragms and is fixed with relation to each one of them. A spacing collar H6 is provided between the diaphragms I04 and I I2, and a threaded nut II! is provided at the end of the air intake tube I4 to hold all of the diaphragms and their spacing collars rigidly against a shoulder II'8 formed on the body of the tube I4; The nut III fits within a bore II9 formed in the cap I I4 and thus guides the air intake tube in its reciprocating movement.

Formed through the wall of the main housing I0 and in communication with the eduction connection I2 is a passageway I which leads to a valve tube I2I. The valve tube I2! thus communicates with the passageway 88 occurring around the relief tube I4. Mounted at the outer end of the valve tube I2I' is a final 'che'ck valve generally indicated at B, and which is here shown as comprising a circular valve disc I22 carried by a mounting plate I23. The plate I23 is mounted upon an arm I24 which is pivoted at I 25 and thus the check valve operates by gravity to swing to its closed position when pressure of fluid against its inner face is not sufiicient to lift it. At the outer end of the eduction connection I2 is a coupling flange I23. This flange receives the domestic pipe.

The top cover plate 41 is formed with a chamber I28 which occurs above the upper diaphragm 50. A pressure tube I29 communicates with this chamber and leads downwardly to the eduction connection I2, where it receives fluid occurring within the chamber I22'i Attention is called to the fact that tubes I29 and I30 are in communication with the fluid pressure on the discharge side of check valve B. Thus, when an extreme backflow condition exists it is possible to fully open relief valve F, thereby causing the opening of chambers 88 and El to atmospheric pressure. A connection is provided in the line of the tube I29 to attach a tube I30. The tube I30 leads to the spacing ring I02 and delivers liquid to the space occurring between the diaphragms 98*and IOI.

As previously described, the cap I4 of the vacuum breaker structure is formed with an annular passageway 30. This passageway receives fluid from the service line 33. A tube I3I is in communication with the passageway 30 and leads to an opening in the spacing ring Iii, which forms a part of the differential relief valve. This opening communicates with a chamber I32, which occurs between the diaphragms I04 and "2..

Water from service line 33 enters vacuum breaker cap I4, filling chambers 30 and 29, causing vacuum breaker diaphragm It to move, thereby closing vacuum breaker seat at I9. Water then flows through piping I3! into chamber I32, which is closed on the lower side by sealing diaphragm II2. Pressure in chamber I32 exerts an upward force on diaphragm I04 causing air intake tube I4 to move upwardly until bleeder valve disc 85 is closed against seat II. At the same time barrier check valve ring BI is raised off seat I0 in preparation for normal flow of water. As air intake tube 54 moves upwardly and before relief valve disc 85 reaches seat II air intake valve I6 contacts seat I5, thereby preventing escape of water through inside of air intake'tube I4 to atmosphere. Air intake valve I3 isurgedtoward its seat by spring 80. Pressure then moves spring loaded check valve .38 ofl of seatrfl and'water'enterschamber 42. Pressure 10 in chamber 42 exerts an upward force on diaphragm '49 lifting the main regulator shut-off valve C from its seat and permits water to flow into chamber 6|, past seat I0 into chamber 88,

' through passageway I20, past swing check B and into the domestic piping.

As pressure in the domestic piping rises, this pressure is transmitted through piping I29 to chamber I28 and exerts a downward force on.

diaphragm 50. "The downward force on diaphragm 50 is opposed by the upward force on diaphragm'49, butisince the area of diaphragm 50 is larger than diaphragm 49 main valve C will close while .thetpressure in the domestic piping (also chamber I28) ':is a predetermined amount. below the pressure in service line 33.

Spring 64 assists in closing of main valve C and also insures sufiicient pressure in chamber I32 to close relief'valve F before flow starts past main valve seat 60. The pressure in the domestic piping is also transmitted through piping I30 to chamber I03 and exerts a downward force on diaphragm I 0i, which is opposed by the upward force on diaphragm I04. Since the pressure in chamber I03 is less than the pressure in chamber I32, due to the action. of the main regulator shutoff valve C, relief valve F is not pulled out of seat under normal flow orwhen normal flow ceases.-

If the pressure in the service line 33 drops, or the pressure in the domestic piping rises until a backflow condition. is approached, the main valve C is simplypressed. more firmly against its seat.

At the -same time, however, the pressure in the domestic line .is transmitted through piping I30 to chamber I03,-always with the result that before'a backflow condition exists the relief valve structure at F along with airintake tube I4 moves downwardly sufliciently to reduce the pressure in passageway .88, and will .thus automatically maintain the pressure in passageway 88 below the pressure :in service line.33. If the domestic pressure continuestorise, the pressure in passageway 88 continues to fall due to the downward movement of relief valve F, along with air intake tube I4. Whenthe-pressure in the domestic line is a. predetermined amount above the pressure in service line 33, tube I4 will have moved to its ex:- treme downward'position, and the pressure in passageway 88 will be zero, since it is opened to the atmosphere through the relief port, through chamber 91 and through the opening 93. At the same time, because of the closure of barrier check disc 8| against seat I0, chamber 9! is no longer in communication withpassageway 88.

It should here. be notedthat under the action of spring. 84 the air intaketube. I4 will always be in I its extreme downward position whenever the pressure in service line 33 drops to a point slightly above atmospheric or is below atmospheric. This is true regardlessof the pressure in the domestic line.

As air intake tube I4 moves downwardly poppet valve I6 is parted from its seat I5 by arm I9, opening chamber GI to the atmosphere through passageway I40 and port I4I.- If swing check I22 is h0lding,- no water is drained from thedomestic piping. If swing check I22 does leak, water flows; through. passageway I42 into passageway 88, past relief valve seat II into chamber BI and is discharged through port 96 to atmosphere. The vacuum breaker valve I9 remains in the closedposi tion as long as there is any pressure in the service-line at 3.3. If a vacuum occurs in the service line, atmospheric pressure against diaphragm It moves valve [9 from seat 20, permit-- ting the entrance of air through openings 23.

Attention is called to the large area of thevacuum breaker diaphragm l6. Since gasket i3 is of a porous material, whenever a vacuum exists in the service line the entire diaphragm area is exposed to atmospheric pressure and is, therefore, effective in pulling seat [9 to open position. If seat 39 on spring loaded check 38 should be leaking slightly a small residual vacuum might ocour in chamber 42 and might even extend over to chamber 6 I if main valve C were leaking. However, the residual vacuum in chamber 6| is supplied by air which can enter at port l4! through passageway I40 and across seat 15. It is obvious that air can enter to supply this residual vacuum in chamber 6| at the same time that water leaking past check B is being discharged to atmosphere through port 96, and that there is no possibility for this incoming air to come into contact with polluted water, which might reversely flow from the domestic line.

It is to be understood that the vacuum breaker structure generally indicated at A as the primary vacuum breaker assembly may be employed independently in other installations.

It will be noted that all diaphragms have one side exposed to atmospheric pressure. Therefore, a rupture of any diaphragm will be immediately noticed because water will be discharged to the atmosphere. For example, if diaphragm I04 should break, water from chamber !32 would be discharged into annular space I43 and through opening I09 to the atmosphere. Therefore, constant leakage through openings I09 or 66 would indicate a ruptured diaphragm, and it can also be seen that a break or any diaphragm will not cause polluted water to come into contact with uncontaminated water.

It will thus be seen that the method of preventing backflow and back-siphonage in a flow line from a service main to a domestic piping system insures either a region of lower pressure or an air gap to atmosphere will be established when a superior fluid pressure occurs in the domestic piping system, and that any condition which would tend to create a vacuum in the line would be dissipated by breaking the vacuum, thereby insuring that under no conditions would it be possible for polluted water from the domestic piping system to flow into the service main.

While we have shown the preferred method and apparatus for practising our invention, it is to be understood that various changes might be made in the steps of the method and the details of con-v struction of the apparatus by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention as claimed.

Having thus described our invention, what We claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A fluid Valve to be interposed between a service line and a domestic line to prevent back siphonage and backflow and Within both of which lines variable fluid pressure may prevail, which valve includes a housing, a service line connection thereto, a domestic line connection thereto, an intermediate passageway between said connections, a main valve at a point in said passage- Way between the service line and said passageway for interruptin flow of fluid therethrough, a barrier valve intermediate said main valve and the domestic line connection whereby the passageway may be divided into two chambers when said barrier valve is closed, separate air outlets from each of said chambers opened when said chambers are formed, fluid pressure responsive means acted upon by service line fluid pressure tending to open said main valve and said barrier valve, and fluid pressure responsive means acted upon by domestic line fluid pressure tending to close the main valve and to close the barrier valve.

2. A fluid valve to be interposed between a service line and a domestic line to prevent back siphonage and backfiow and Within both of which lines variable fluid pressure may prevail, which valve includes a housing, a service line connection thereto, a domestic line connection thereto, an intermediate passageway between said connections, a main valve at a point in said passageway for interrupting flow of fluid thereto, a barrier valve intermediate said main valve and the domestic line connection whereby the passageway may be divided into two chambers, separate air outlets from each of said chambers,- separate valves tending to close the separate air outlets from the chambers of the passageway, fluid pressure responsive means acted upon by service line fluid pressure tending to open said main valve and said barrier valve, and fluid pressure responsive means acted upon by domestic line fluid pressure tending to close the main valve and to close the barrier valve, said service line I actuated fluid pressure responsive means acting to close said air valves.

3. A fluid valve to be interposed between a service line and a domestic line to prevent back siphonage and backfiow and within both of which lines variable fluid pressure may prevail, which valve includes a housing, a service line connection thereto, a domestic line connection thereto, an intermediate passageway between said connections, a main valve at a point in said passageway for interrupting flow of fluid thereto, a barrier valve intermediate said main valve and. the domestic line connection whereby the passageway may be divided into two chambers, separate air outlets from each of said chambers, separate valves tending to close the separate air outlets from the chambers of the passageway, fluid pressure responsive means acted upon by service line fluid pressure tending to open said main valve and said barrier valve, fluid pressure responsive means acted upon by domestic line fluid pressure tending to close the main valve and to close the barrier valve, said service line actuated fluid pressure responsive means acting to close said air valves, and means cooperating with the domestic line fluid pressure in its action to close the main valve, whereby said valve will be positively closed when the ratio of domestic line pressure to the service line pressure exceeds I a predetermined amount.

4. A fluid valve to be interposed between a service line and a domestic line to prevent back siphonage and backflow and within both of which lines variable fluid pressures may prevail, which valve includes a central flow passageway, a service line fluid connection to one end thereof; a domestic line fluid connection adjacent the opposite end thereof, a main valve at said service line end of the passageway and by which flow of fluid through the passageway may be interrupted, a barrier valve disposed within the passageway between the main valve and the domestic line connection, whereby the passageway will be divided into a primary and a secondary chamber when the barrier valve is closed, an outlet from Q the primary chamber to the atmosphere, an outans-mess phere,:;;,separate valves forzclosing each ofirsaid i outlets; fluid; pressure responsive; means: acted uponi-by: the-pressure of vservicealinefluiditendingv to :open;.saidnmain valve and the r barrier; valve andxto :close the airrvent valves; and fluid. pres-l. surewresponsive means actedxuponciby therpresesurewof ,theifluid in the domesticrline inxopposi-j. tion to said seiwice line,pressur.e .and tending to close the main valve and the barrier valve and to openrthe air vent valvesrsaid fluid pressure responsive meansbeing. of -diiTerential-J action whereby said ,main,.valv'e-;and :barri'er valverw-ill be positively closed when the ratio of domestic line pressure to the service line exceeds a predetermined amount.

5. A fluid valve to be interposed between a service line and a domestic line to prevent back siphonage and backflow and within both of which lines variable fluid pressures may prevail, which valve includes a housing, a service line connection at one side thereof and a domestic line connection at the opposite side thereof, said connections each including passageways in substantially the same plane, an intermediate passageway in the housing lying in a plane normal to the service line and domestic line passageways, a conduit establishing communication between the service line passageway and one end of the intermediate passageway, a main valve disposed at said end of the intermediate passageway and adapted to close the same and when opened permitting fluid to flow through said intermediate passageway and through a port in the side wall thereof to the domestic line passageway, a barrier valve disposed within the intermediate passageway at a point between the main valve and said port, whereby the intermediate passageway may be divided into a primary passageway adjacent to the main valve and a secondary passageway communicating with the port leading to the domestic line, a vent valve in the secondary passageway communicating with atmosphere, an operative connection between the barrier valve and the vent valve whereby said valves will move simultaneously and will alternately close, fluid responsive means associated with the main valve and acted upon oppositely by the pressure of fluid in the service line and the domestic line, fluid pressure responsive means operatively associated with the barrier valve and the vent valve and acted upon oppositely by the pressure of fluid in the service line and the domestic line whereby the main valve and the barrier valve will close when the ratio of domestic line pressure to the service line pressure exceeds a predetermined amount and whereby the vent valve will open as the barrier valve closes and means acting to cause the main valve to close in advance of the closing of the barrier valve and the simultaneous opening of the vent valve.

6. The structure of claim 5 including a vent valve within the primary chamber establishing communication with atmosphere when opened separately from that of the vent valve in the secondary chamber, said valve acting to open when the barrier valve is closed.

7. A fluid valve structure to be interposed between a service line and a domestic line to prevent back siphonage and backflow and in both of which lines variable fluid pressure may prevail, which valve structure includes a housing, a service line connection thereto, a domestic line connection thereto, said housing providing an intermediate fluid passageway between said connections, a main valve for regulating and inter- 1 1i rupting flow of-ifluid through,saidpassageway, fluid pressure responsive means acted upon by the servicerline afluid pressure--tending= to open the main valve, fluid pressure responsive meansu tending to close said main valve, the main valve tending -to maintain the domestic line pressure at a pressure less than v the service line pressure at all times-0f normalflow-and shut-off a reliefvalve-in thetp'assageway on the dischargeside of the main valve andopeningto:atmosphere, and fluid pressure responsive-means acted upon-by-the opposed service-line-pressure and the domestic line pressure, whereby the service line pressure tends to urge said relief valve to a closed position and the domestic line pressure tends to urge said relief valve to an open position, said relief valve opening after the main valve closes and when the ratio of domestic line pressure to service line pressure exceeds a predetermined amount, and a barrier valve operating in unison with the relief valve the barrier valve moving to a closed position when the relief valve moves toward an open position, and the barrier valve moving to an open position when the relief valve moves to a closed position.

8. A fluid valve structure to be interposed between a service line and a domestic line to prevent back siphonage and backflow and in both of which lines variable fluid pressure may prevail, which valve structure includes a housing, a service line connection thereto, a domestic line connection thereto, said housing providing an intermediate fluid passageway between said connections, a main valve for regulating and interrupting flow of fluid through said passageway, fluid pressure responsive means acted upon by the service line fluid pressure tending to open the main valve, fluid pressure responsive means acted upon by the domestic line fluid pressure tending to close said main valve, the main valve tending to maintain the domestic line pressure at a pressure less than the service line pressure at all times of normal flow and shut-off, a relief valve in the passageway on the discharge side of the main valve and opening to atmosphere, and fluid pressure responsive means acted upon by the opposed service line pressure and the domestic line pressure, whereby the service line pressure tends to urge said relief valve to a closed position and the domestic line pressure tends to urge said relief valve to an open position, said relief valve opening after the main valve closes and when the ratio of domestic line pressure to service line pressure exceeds a predetermined amount, and a barrier valve operating in unison with the relief valve the barrier valve moving to a closed position when the relief valve moves toward an open position, and the barrier valve moving to an open position when the relief valve moves to a closed position, whereby a primary chamber is formed of the passageway between the main valve and the barrier valve and a secondary chamber is formed of the passageway, the

' said relief valve associated with the barrier valve acting to open and close the secondary chamber to atmosphere and a relief valve in the primary chamber acting to open said chamber to atmosphere, said last mentioned valve opening when the barrier valve is closed.

FRANK CARLTON. LEONARD L. SNYDER.

(References on following page) REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Hoxsie Feb. 29, 1916 Kelley Apr. 22, 1930 Entriken May 22, 1934 Yoder May 17, 1938 Dore Feb. 7, 1939 Sloan May 23, 1939 Number 10 Number 

